解析2023年考研英语一真题试卷及答案
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically __1_ outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments of _2__.
This word “Caravanserais” is a __3__ of the Persian word “karvan”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. The Perm caravan was used to __4__ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__ merchants, travellers or pilgrims.
From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the __6__ of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road __7__ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being __8__ to extreme conditions. For this reason, Caravanserais were strategically placed __9__ they could be reached in a day’s travel time.
Caravanserais served as an informal __10__ point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. __11__, those structures became important centers for culture __12__ and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, __13__ talking knowledge with them, greatly __14__ the development of several civilizations.
Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and __15__ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. __16__, it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and __17__ supplies for their own journeys. It is __18__ that around 120000 to 15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, __19__ only about 3000 are known to remain today, many of which are in __20__.
1.A. displayed B. occupied C. located D. equipped
2.A. privately B. regularly C. respectively D. permanently
3.A. definition B. transition C. substitution D. combination
4.A. classify B. record C. describe D. connect
5.A. apart from B. instead of C. such as D. along with
6.A. construction B. restoration C. impression D. evaluation
7.A. doubted B. faced C. accepted D. reduced
8.A. assigned B. subjected C. accustomed D. opposed
9.A. so that B. even if C. now that D. in case
10.A. talking B. starting C. breaking D. meeting
11.A. by the way B. on occasion C. in comparison D. As a result
12.A. heritage B. revival C. exchange D. status
13.A. with regard to B. in spite of C. as well as D. in line with
14.A. completing B. influencing C. resuming D. pioneering
15.A. aided B. invested C. failed D. competed
16.A. Rather B. Indeed C. otherwise D. However
17.A. go in for B. standard up for C. lose in on D. stock up on
18.A. believed B. predicted C. recalled D. implied
19.A. until B. because C. unless D. although
20.A. ruins B. debt C. fashion D. series
2023年研究生招生考试(英语一)真题解析
【1】C. located 后面outside the walls of a city or village表示位置 只有located 可以后接地址，表示坐落在……地方
【2】A privately 此处副词修饰前面的fund, 带入只有privately 私下资助更为合理
【3】 D. combination 空后面接了of the Persian word “karvan”和and seray, a palace or enclosed building 表示是这两个词的结合体词为combination，
【4】C. describe 根据上一句对与词Caravanserais的解释，这一句也是表示同义方向的内容，用来解释The Perm caravan，这里只有描述这个词可以表达词义。
【5】C. such as groups of people 是前面的大范畴的名词短语，而空后面merchants, travellers or pilgrims 为小范畴的内容，所以需要表示列举关系，只有such as 复合语义。
【6】A. construction 根据第一段第一句表示Caravanserais …… were built 可以看到同义句意 the construction of the Caravanserais。
【7】B. faced 前一句讲到 safe place ，后面Travellers …… possibility of being attacked，这里需要一个动词搭配，带入可知只有旅行者面临被袭击的可能性。
【8】B. subjected 根据and 的前后语义一致原则，前面提到将面临袭击，后面也要接贬义色彩的内容，根据搭配 be subjected to 表示 遭受不好的东西 与前面语义色彩一直。
【9】A. so that 前面 提到Caravanserais 被有计划的放置，后面接的是they could be reached in a day’s travel time. 可以看出前后为因果关系，只有so that 后接结果。
【10】D. meeting Caravanserais 被当作 an informal非正式的 …… point地点，前面讲到人们在旅行日到达这里，所以这里只能是meeting point 见面的地点。
【11】D. As a result 前后提到Caravanserais served as an informal meeting point( Caravanserais被当作一个非正式会面的点)，空格后接those structures became important centers(这些地方被当作重要的中心)，可以得出前后为因果关系，只有as a result,可以满足。
【12】C. exchange and 前后词义相近，与interaction”互动;交往”词义相近的是exchange “交换;交流”。
【13】C. as well as 文中 独立主格中with travelers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, () talking knowledge with them 可以看出sharing cultures，ideas and beliefs 和后面talking knowledge with them 为并列关系，只有 as well as 符合正确答案。
【14】B. influencing 前面提到sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, as well as talking knowledge with them， 动作 the development of several civilizations. 带入只有influence符合语义。
【15】A. aided 前面讲到Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities表示一个褒义的色彩，而and 后内容需要保持一致，只有aided 符合语义色彩。
【16】B. Indeed 前一句讲的是重要市场，后面句子it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares 也表示售卖商品，语义一致，只有indeed符合语义。
【17】D. stock up on and 前面讲到商人卖货，后面空格又接了supplies供给只有 stock up on 储存符合文义。
【18】B. predicted 空格后提到round 120000 to 15000 caravanserais were built，是一个预估的事情，所以只能选择predicted.
【19】D. although 前后语义完全相反，前后讲remain 后面讲ruins，所以只能选择although。
【20】A. ruins 前面提到…… remain today与之在同义语域的只有 in ruins “毁灭，消失”。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21. In the first paragraph, the weather in Texas is mentioned to
A. Forecast a policy shift in Texas school
B. Stress the consequences of climate change
C. Indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting
D. Draw the public’s attention to energy shortages
【21】C. Indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting 解析：该题为例证题，问在第一段得克萨斯州的天气被提及为了说明什么。文章开头提到得克萨斯州天气变冷最近成为了热议话题，但是州教育董事会的会议热度正高 (but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting)，因此这里提到得克萨斯州天气是为了来反衬州教育董事会对于天气变化教育讨论的热度。故选C。
22. what does Quinn think of Hardy?
A. She exaggerates the existing panic.
B. She denies the value of scientific work.
C. She shows no concern for pre-teens.
D. She expressed self-contradictory view.
【22】B. She denies the value of scientific work. 解析：该题为细节题，根据题干中的Quinn和Hardy定位到第三段。这里提到：大多数科学家和专家强烈反对哈代的观点。Quinn说：“他们随意地将学者和科学家的职业工作视为另一种被误导的观点。”(They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.)。因此证明Quinn认为Hardy否定科学研究的价值。故选B。
23. The study in paragraph 5 shows that
A. Climate education is insufficient at the states public schools.
B. Policymakers have little drive for science education.
C. Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbook.
D. Environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.
【23】A. Climate education is insufficient at the states public schools. 解析：该题为细节题。根据题干定位到第五段，里面提到由科学家和教师组成的非营利组织——美国国家科学教育中心去年进行了一项研究，研究了全美州立公立学校在科学课上如何应对气候变化，结果给美国只有一半的州给出了B+或更高的评分。(looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher)。由此可知有另一半的州对气候变化教育的评价不高，通过打分表示不满，所以显示州立公立学校中的气候教育不足。故选A。
24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US
A. Call for regular revision.
B. Require urgent application.
C. Have limited influence.
D. Cater to local needs.
【24】C. Have limited influence. 解析：该题为细节题。根据题干中的Branch和state-level science standards 定位到第六段。里面提到：在一个将决策权下放给地方学校董事会的国家，制定州级科学标准只是一个有限的基准。(only one limited benchmark in a country).limited benchmark对应选项当中的limited influence，由此证明州科学标准影响有限。故选C。
25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools
A. Agree to major public demands.
B. Reflects teachers personal biases.
C. May misrepresent the energy sector.
D. Can be swayed by external forces.
【25】D. Can be swayed by external forces. 解析：该题为细节题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段。最后一句话提及其中包括由自由主义智库和能源行业协会赞助的教材。(they include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.)，因此证明气候变化教育会受到外部力量的支配。故选D。
Text 2
26. Which of the following is true of New England?
A. Its housing supply is at a very low level.
B. Its communities are in need of funding.
C. Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.
D. Its home prices are under strict control.
【26】A Its housing supply is at a very low level 解析：该题为事实细节题，问关于新英格兰哪点是正确的，文中提到：随着房价创纪录的高和历史性的低库存(with record-high home prices and historically low inventory)。所以Its housing supply is at a very low level住房供应处于非常低的水平以及historically low inventory历史性的低库存是同义替换，故选A。
27. The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to
A. curb short-term rental speculation.
B. ensure the supply of cheap housing.
C. punish illegal dealings in housing.
D. allow a free short-term rental market.
【27】D allow a free short-term rental market 解析：该题为细节题，问第2段提到的法案旨在，文中提到：法案将城镇制定限制短期租赁的立法成为非法。(a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals)。所以该法案不希望限制短期租赁，故选D。
28. Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support
A. further investment in local tourism.
B. an increase in affordable housing.
C. strict management of real estate agents.
D. a favorable policy for short-term workers.
【28】B an increase in affordable housing 解析：该题为细节题，与Castle相比，Taylor更有可能支持，文中提到：没有足够的可负担住房，泰勒说：“雇主很难吸引员工，工人也很难找到住处。”(Without enough affordable housing ..., “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,’’ Taylor said)。所以Taylor认为需要增加可负担住房，故选B。
29. What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?
A. The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.
B. The efficient operation of the local housing market.
C. The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.
D. The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.
【29】C The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes 解析：该题为细节题，在第5段中Horn强调了什么，文中提到：霍恩说：“我认为问题是，一个开发商如果真的在建造酒店，却把它伪装成不是酒店，难道不应该像酒店一样受到对待、征税和监管吗?”(“I think the question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?’’ Horn said.)所以Horn认为有必要阻止开发商为了避税和避开监管而在建造酒店的过程中伪装成不是酒店，故选C。
30. Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is
A. an irrational decision.
B. an unnecessary measure.
C. an unfeasible proposal.
D. an inadequate solution.
【30】D an inadequate solution 解析：该题为细节题，Horn认为强制执行登记要求是，文中提到：霍恩表示，类似的登记要求可能会让其他陷入困境的城市和城镇受益。然而，解决这个问题的唯一途径是创造更多的住房。(Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. The only way to solve the issue, however, is by creating more housing.)说明Horn认为类似的登记要求其实并不是一个合适的解决方案，故选D。
Text 3
31. The author mentions two books in paragraph to present
A. An ongoing conflict
B. An intellectual concept
C. A prevailing sentiment
D. A literary phenomenon
【31】A. An ongoing conflict 解析：该题为例证题。题干问作者提及两本书的目的是什么。例证题论据出现在开头，论点应该往后找，下一句话提到这两本书都将于下周由企鹅兰登书屋出版，该公司目前正与水石书店发生对峙，(Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House, a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.)，因此证明目前出版社和书店正在发生冲突。故选A。
32. why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?
A. To make them easily noticeable
B. To comply with PRH’s requirement
C. To respond to PRH’s business move
D. To arrange them in systematic way
【32】C. To respond to PRH’s business move 解析：该题为细节题。题干问为什么Waterstones(水石书店)会把PRH的书退到相关的专柜。根据题干信息定位到第二段最后一句。这一段开头提到：这个问题(31题中提到的冲突)始于去年年底，当时企鹅兰登书屋(PRH)证实，它已经向水石书店推出了“非常高的”信用额度限制。(The problem began late last year, when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level”.)。因此证明水石书店把书退回是为了应对PRH的信用额度限制。故选C。
33. what message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?
A. Their customers remain loyal
B. The credit limit will be removed.
C. Their stock is underestimated.
D. The book market is rather slack
【33】A. Their customers remain loyal 解析：该题为细节题。根据题干spokesperson定位到第三段第一句。答案句在这一段倒数后两句，里面提到：“我们的商店现在重新开张了，我们希望恢复正常，我们将被允许适当地购物。当然，我们的商店非常繁忙，图书销售也非常好。我们5月份的月度图书销量超过了2018年以来的任何一个月。(Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy and book sales are very strong. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018.”)。说明虽然水石书店收到信贷条款有所减少，但是图书销量非常好，印证了他们仍然有忠实的顾客。故选A。
34. what can be one consequence of the current dispute?
A. Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.
B. Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism
C. Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author’s books.
D. Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.
【34】A. Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably. 解析：该题为细节题。根据题干当中的dispute定位到第四段。第二句提到知名PRH作者可能会受到一些影响，但那些通常依赖水石书店员工热情推广不太知名作家作品的中游作家，将会祈祷这场纠纷结束。(it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.)。因此能印证居中作家的书籍销量大幅下滑，处于不利地位。故选A。
35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie’s view?
A. Small publishers ought to stick together.
B. Big publishers will lose their dominance.
C. The publishing industry is having a hard time.
D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.
【35】D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend. 解析：该题为细节题。根据题干当中的Lownie定位到倒数第二段。答案句在最后一段：我们将看到，这种多元化(=merger)是否是当前出版商需要足够大的规模来接纳所有来客的牺牲品。作者在担忧是否这种多元化会成为牺牲品(We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.)，因此证明出版商的多元化是一个令人担忧的趋势。故选D。
Text 4
36. According Paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined by
A. how many citations their works contain.
B. how many times their papers are cited.
C. the prestige of the people they work with.
D. the status they have in scientific circles.
【36】B how many times their papers are cited 解析：该题为细节题，问科学家的职业生涯由什么决定，第一段末句提到：科学家的职业生涯及其机构的声誉取决于他们所发表论文的数量和声誉，但更重要的是，这些论文所吸引到的引用。(but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers)所以职业家的生涯最关键的因素是他们论文被引用的次数。
37. The support service consultancies tend to
A. recommend journals to their clients.
B. list citation patterns for their clients.
C. ask authors to include extra citations.
D. advise contributors to cite each other.
【37】C ask authors to include extra citations 解析：该题为细节题，问支持服务的咨询公司往往会，文中提到：提供支持服务的咨询公司有时会建议撰稿人在他们的文章和同事的文章中添加一些引文。(support service consultancies ... sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles and the articles of colleagues)。include extra citations是add a number of citations的同义替换，故选C。
38. The function of the “milk cow” journals is to
A. boost citation counts for certain authors.
B. help scholars publish articles at low cost.
C. instruct first-time contributors in citation.
D. increase the readership of new journals.
【38】A boost citation counts for certain authors 解析：该题为细节题，问“奶牛”期刊的作用是什么，文中提到：这些期刊可以像奶牛一样，每期的每篇文章都可以引用一篇特定的论文或一系列论文。(These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers)。每期的每篇文章都可以引用特定或者一系列论文，也就是为某些作者增加引用次数，故选A。
39. What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?
A. It fosters competition among citation providers.
B. It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.
C. It hinders the growth of “international” journals.
D. It is established to prevent citation manipulation.
【39】B It has the capability to identify suspicious citations 解析：该题为推理细节题，问从最后两段中可以得知Scopus，文中提到：Scopus本身拥有检测这种弊端所需的所有数据。(Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice)。这里B项identify suspicious citations(发现可疑的引用)和原文detect this malpractice(发现这种不当行为)是同义替换，故选B。
40. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?
A. Take legal action.
B. Demand an apology.
C. Seek professional advice.
D. Reveal their misconduct.
【40】D Reveal their misconduct 解析：该题为细节题，问作者应该如何处理引文操纵者，文中提到：当编辑、审稿人或支持服务机构要求你添加不适当的参考文献时，不要强迫自己，并将请求报告给期刊。(when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal)。这里D项reveal their misconduct(揭露他们的不当行为)和原文do report the request to the journal(将请求报告给期刊)是同义替换，故选D。
Part B
[A] This year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies. Jackson snapped them on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.
[B] Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts — and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular — came in the form of vivid photographs.
[C] As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,” says Murphy.
[D] Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the collision process that involved coating the plates with a chemical mixture, exposing them and developing the resulting images with a portable darkrooms. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposures times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment--several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of old faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members that the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions had written at length about stunning sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.
[E] The well-documented Yellowstone journey officially began in Ogden, Utah on June 8, 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.
[F] Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area’s riches, most Americans did not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.
[G] The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872.
[H] Perhaps most importantly, these images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved (and that his department deserved additional funds).
41 A 42 E 43 H 44 45
【41】B
首先排除AEH选项，其次，C、D中出现了Jackson 非全名，所以排除，F中出现Hayden 非全名排除， G the bill 表示前面出现过，排除， H perhaps most importantly, these images 可知前面出现过images，可排除，答案只能是B。
【42】F
A中出现The team included…… F中出现In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also……根据逻辑关系可知，F紧跟A后，所以答案是F
【43】D
D 中出现Throughout the trip与E中的The well-documented Yellowstone journey……同义复现。以及D中出现images，H中出现these images。所以答案是D
【44】C
He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed…… to each member of Congress. 讲到打印出大量得复印品分发给国会，让国会参与。
【45】G
The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. 表示保护最后通过国会的议案，进行立法。CG为捆绑选项。
Part C
【46】AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.
考察知识点：介词短语;非谓语动词短语
人工智能还可以用来识别客户的生活方式选择，包括他们的爱好、最喜欢的名人和时尚，从而在社交媒体上发布的营销信息中提供独特的内容。
【47】Some believe that AI is negatively-impacting on the marketer's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.
考察知识点：宾语从句;并列句
一些人认为，人工智能通过削弱创造力和减少工作岗位，对营销人员的作用产生了负面影响，但他们意识到这是一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式。
【48】Algorithms used to stimulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.
考察知识点：过去分词短语;宾语从句
用于刺激人类互动的算法正在产生许多这样的担忧，尤其是没有人能确定使用人工智能与客户互动会带来什么样的结果。
【49】If customers are not willing to show data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.
考察知识点：条件状语从句
如果客户不愿意显示数据，人工智能将缺乏必要的信息，进而无法有效运作，也无法利用机器学习来改善其营销内容和传播方式。
【50】The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
考察知识点：宾语从句
以一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式非侵入式地传递营销信息是数字市场营销人员面临的关键挑战之一。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
【51】Directions:
Write a notice to recruit a student for Professor Smith’s research project on campus sports activities.
Specify the duties and requirements of the job.
You should write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in the notice; use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)
参考范文
Notice
June 10, 2023
A research is to be conducted by Professor Smith,which is on campus sports activities. We hereby issue a notice to recruit a student to assist this job.
The responsibilities and qualifications are as follows. First and foremost, since the project will last two months from July 10, the volunteer student is supposed to involved in the whole process, including organizing experimental subjects and recording research data. In addition, those students are preferred who master sound knowledge of sports and have participated in former campus sports activities. Moreover, teamwork spirit, diligence and critical thinking are some of the prerequisite qualities for the research work.
Those who are interested in being volunteers may email us at students’ union@university.edu.cn before June 10, 2023.
Li Ming
Part B
【52】Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should
1)describe the picture briefly,
2)interpret the implied meaning, and
3)give your comments.
考研英语：克服阅读难题的技巧
一、通读全文，注重理解
阅读理解其实主要考的是“阅读”之后的“理解”。 任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明白句子。考研词汇大约为5500个，这不是一个小数字，也并非三两天时间可以记住的，所以，考生必须先买一本考研英语词汇书进行系统、长期的学习和记忆。除单词外，有时句子太长也会对阅读造成致命的伤害。这就要求同学们在日常学习英语的过程中，注意长难句的分析，记住一些固定的搭配，熟悉掌握句子结构。例如：
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response， causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions。
该句子可分三个层次进行分析。第一层是主干，studies have shown that， 第二层是由that引导的宾语从句，该从句中的主干是sex hormones affect the stress response， 现在分词causing引导结果状语，表示以某种方式影响压力反应，从而致使分泌更多的化学物质。现在分词做结果状语相当于so that 引导的从句，该分词结构可以改写为so that sex hormones cause females to produce more of the trigger chemicals。最后一个层次是than引导的比较状语从句，主语male与句子前的female相比较，替代词do代替之前的谓语，将谓语省略，提前do构成倒装。比较状语从句可改写为females produce more of the trigger chemicals than males produce。
译文：对动物和人类的研究表明，性激素以某种方式影响压力反应，使雌性在承受压力时比处于同等条件下的雄性分泌更多触发不良反应的化学物质。
大家切记，英语的句子中，“主+谓+宾”基本与中文一致，是按顺序摆放的，而定、状语经常倒着放，又长又多，比主、谓、宾要难很多。定、状语放好了，句子才能看明白，想看懂阅读理解中的长难句，语法基本功一定要扎实。
二、了解题型
阅读理解的问题基本分为五大类：
1.主旨大意题。
这类题实质考察考生对中心思想的理解，难度不高，具体应对技巧如下：
A.关注各段落首句，尤其是第一段首句，这与西方人思维相关，他们习惯开门见山表达出自己的观点，然后广泛引用材料去论述。因此，一般而言首段的首句构成文章的中心句，而各段的首句构成各段的中心。
B.关注首段末句。有些作者习惯先列出一些传统的观点或先对一些具体现象进行说明，然后提出与之不同的观点或在结尾对现象进行总结，在接下来的段落中继续论述。对于这类文章，如果作者没有提出不同的观点，则最后总结性语句为文章中心，一旦提出不同或完全对立的观点，又在后文中加以论述，则作者提出的新观点为文章中心;如果新老观点均是对同一个结果的论述，那么该论述的结论为文章中心。
C.当不能直接找出主题句时，通常文章中作者给予叙述较多或强调较多的某一事物或某一观点即文章的中心。在题目作答时，可采用中心词定位法，排除不含中心词的选项，对比有中心词的选项，选择最接近中心的选项。
D。如果对选项仍有异议，可把有异议的选项逐个带入文章中，看哪个能更好的囊括文章中心。这是一个检验的过程。
2.事实细节题。
此类题占阅读总分40分中的50%左右，因此十分重要。注意，这类问题与推理性问题截然相反，都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。其基本应对技巧如下：
A.基本原则是以中心为导向，忠实原文为基础，千万不可主观臆断，最好的方法是回到原文的出题点进行揣摩。
B.必须看清题目，尤其是当题目就某一个具体细节并且脱离文章中心的提问。一般来说，细节问题绝大部分是围绕文章中心进行出题，但不排除文中就一些具体的，因果互动现象的内容提问。
3.词汇短语题。
其分值不高，考察范围可分为两类。第一，纲内词汇词义的引申。考察考生对所熟悉的词汇在特定语境下正确含义的理解。一般来说，该词的本意不是解，但是其引申义上仍可以找到本意的影子。第二，纲外词汇词义的推断。
4.推断性问题。
此类题大概占20%左右的分值，总体难度不大，是考生的必得分点。中心导向依然是解题的宏观主线，其关键是忠实原文的推断。其应对策略和事实细节题类似，考生在该题型上的主要失误在于脱离文章主观臆断造成的。
5.语气态度题。
对作者态度的判断是构成阅读理解的两条宏观主线之一。因此，正确辨明作者对所叙述事物的态度，不仅关系到本类题型的解答，也潜在影响到其他问题的正确解答。这类题目主要从作者文中描述事物所用到的形容词，副词，动词等表达感情色彩的词汇入手。当选项不能确定时，再回到原文中找关键词。对这类题型，分清褒贬一般不难，是考生的必得分点。
三、提高阅读速度
大家都知道，仅仅把题选对是不够的，因为考试还有时间的限制。(你就算选对，每篇文章花一个小时那能行吗?!)记住，考试总共180分钟，四篇阅读最多占70~80分钟(即17~20分钟一篇)，其余时间还要写作文、做翻译、英语知识运用等。在这里为大家介绍几种基本的提高阅读速度的方法。
1.跳跃式阅读。
跳读所要跳过的内容自然是和文章中心没有太多联系的内容。如对某一专家身份头衔的说明，这类文字内容与文章中心虽不相关，但经常在文中出现，这些内容事实上会增加信息的复杂程度，干扰考生思路，而题目中不会考察。如2008年试题中：
‘women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men，‘ according to Dr。 Yehuda， chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran‘s Administration Hospital。此句中，Dr.Yehuda后面长长的头衔完全可以在阅读的过程中跳过。
2.扫描式阅读。
扫描阅读与跳读的内容相比，与文章联系更紧密，但一般不是考试重点，我们只需有大致的印象。这类内容一般由用来说明中心的论据构成。当段落中心已经明确时，我们可以对说明中心的具体论据实行快速扫描。
考研英语备考攻略
1、定目标
比如目标总分60分，那么、每个题型都尽量拿到60%的分数，具体如下：
完型6分(较难)、阅读24分(较容易)、新题型6分(容易)、翻译6分(较难)、作文18分(容易)。
2、复习重点
完形：完型几乎是所有考生的难点，很多学长学姐也会建议不要花太多时间在完型上。所以，完形就跟着每套卷子做一遍就好了。
阅读：阅读是提分大项!建议你多做阅读。阅读的复习，不管在什么阶段，都应该围绕着真题进行。
3、总结词汇
积累自己完全不懂的词汇、句子，积累自己认识，但是记忆比较模糊或者不确定的，尤其是熟词僻义一定要注意。(用两种标记区分开来，复习的时候分开集中攻克，能提高复习效率)
4、发现错误
答案对文章的错误解答;答案中有无关内容干扰;答案和文章意思相反;答案把文章中出现的细节作为文章的全部含义;答案过度理解文章的意思;答案中加入无关词汇干扰选项等。
考研复试英语难不难
考研复试的英语口试其实在难度上不是很高，主要看你的英语口语表达能力如何。这一点是因人而异的，有的人天生口语表达能力比较强，能够说出一口很流利的英语口语;而有的人天生口语能力差，在英语笔试上可以有很高的水平，但是一到口语上就很差劲，英语发音不标准，英语口语不够流利，或许多练习发音能够有一定的提高。
在考研英语复试的时候一般不会给太长的发挥时间，主要要看面试的考官，有的考研院校在复试的英语口语环节是给十五分钟左右时间以小组为单位进行英语口语的展示和表达，其中的英语口语自我介绍是必要的环节，剩余是时间用于抽签进行话题的英语口语表达。